（一）开头
1、there is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this：______________.
2、______________ has become a hot topicamong people，especially among the young，and heated debates are right on their way.
3、recently，_________has been brought to such popular attention that _________.（e.g. recently，the problem of global warminmghas been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels placeit on the the top of the agenda.）。
4、one of our ancient philosophers said，______________. chinese people have always been holding this idea tobe one of their standards of morality.
5. no one，regardless of race，religion or nationality，would deny that…… 或：everyone would agree that……
（二）结尾
1、only in thisway/only when……/only through……，will/can we……或：it is only if/when……that we will……
it is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that wewill achieve the society we want.
2、as long as……we will be able to……/theproblem is bound to……
as long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among themasses，all the superstitions are bound to go out of ourlife.
3、with a constant/steady improvement in ……（或with the gradual worsening of……）sth.will……
with a steady improvement in our legal system，this problem will sure be solved earlier or later.
4、in a word，there isevery/little chance/probability/possibility that……in time to come.a
in one word，there is every chance that thischinese traditon will continue to entertain millions of chinese citizens.
（三）中间
1.建议和解决方法
1）a great number of solutions are beingoffered. some people suggest that ______________. others argue that______________.
2）but i don't think it is a very good way tosolve ______________. for instance，______________.worst of all， ______________.
3）my suggestion to deal with/solve/relievethe problem are as follows. in the first place，……secondly，…… finally
4）if we let the situation go as it is，…… by that time，…… 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么到那个时候，……。
5）if……，will there beanything that can make me even happier？如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。
2.it 结构
1）it is advisable to exercise（拥有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations.
2）it is necessary that young and old peopleshould communicate more with each other.
3）it is certain that fresh air and exercisesare more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine.
4）it is well known that many of our problemsare caused at least in part by failure to communicate.
5）it seemed to me that the only thing thatmatters is to learn through failure.
6）it pays in the long run （从长远的角度看……）to introduce new technique.
3.动名词或分词结构
1）drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young person'shealth.
2）the art of communication requires learningthe language and culture of the audience.
4.递进式结构
1）fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones.
2）helping others will not only bring joyinto other people's lives，but also added happiness intoour own.
5.表示重要性或必要性
1）it's important to set aside time forrelaxation，hobbies ，andentertainment as well.
2）a harmonious atmosphere is essential（necessary / critical / indispensable）toachieve success.
3）global warming can endanger our lives somuch that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to findout a lasting solution to it.
6.表示目的
1）the purpose of a test is to show what youhave leaned about a subject.
2）the intent is not to catch everyone butrather to catch enough to spread the word.
3）competitive sports are recommended toyoung adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.
7.表示结果
1）too much work and too little rest may leadto loss of health.
2）if you try to learn too many things at atime，you may get confused.
3）by consistent hard work we will be able toachieved our objectives （目标）。
8.表示对比和比较
1）jobs and work do much more than most of usrealize to provide happiness and contentment.
2）work is more than a necessity for mosthuman beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity.
3）rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize one's potential.
4）the more scientists find out，the more questions they are unable to answer.
9.表示条件或假设的结构
1）without the distraction of tv，they might sit around together after dinner.
2）as long as the brain is given plenty ofexercise it keeps its power.
3）were it left to me to decide whether weshould _______，i should not hesitate a moment to preferthe latter.
4）without a degree and with no vocationalexperience their chances of getting good jobs are slim.
10.表示举例
1）take______for example，
2）an illustration（例证）may make the point clear.
11.表示采取措施
1）the government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties.
2）as college students，we are obliged to make every effort to help support the olymicgames.
3）the school authorities should invest moreenergy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers.
12.表示让步关系
1）while it may be more convenient to possessa car，it is also expensive and troublesome at times.
2）although i do not earn a great deal ofmoney for this job，the pleasure i receive from the workmakes it worthwhile.
13.表示因果或前提关系
1）because of（owingto）the pressure（压力）ofexaminations，many students are left with little or nofree time.
2）perhaps it's because few of us know how toaccept compliments（赞扬）gracefully.
3）that is why housework is considered assuch a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。
4）the reason for this is that
14.表示存在的问题
1）one of the greatest problems facing the21st century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in the world.
2）to travel abroad is a desire shared bymany people，but few can afford to do it.
3）cheating is now considered to be a majorproblem in colleges and universities.
4）many people find it harder and harder tokeep up with the radical changes that characterize our time.
5）at first thought，theproblem seems far too involved （复杂），but it cancertainly be solved when seriously dealt with .
15.there be结构
1）there are other techniques that might helpyou with you studying.
2）there is much that we can learn from thechinese classic works.
3）there is no sense（道理）in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.
